Motor Reversal

Core Principle
The rotation direction of a motor is determined by two factors:

Motor wiring sequence—the physical wiring determines the motor’s default rotation direction.

Direction control signal—the mainboard sends a signal through software or firmware to tell the driver whether to rotate forward or backward.
To correct a reversed motor, you simply need to make the control signal match the wiring.

Step 1: Check and adjust software settings (the quickest method)

Open your control software (such as LightBurn).
Go to Device Settings or Machine Settings (usually found under Edit > Device Settings or Machine > Machine Settings).
Look for settings related to “Axis Mapping” or “Motor Direction.”
You will see options for the X and Y axes, usually with checkboxes like “Invert X Axis,” “Invert Y Axis,” or “Reverse Direction.”
Check the box for the axis that is rotating in the wrong direction.
Click “OK” to save the settings.
Use the software’s jog control function to test whether the direction is now correct.
If your software doesn’t offer this graphical option, or if it doesn’t work, continue to the next step.

Step 2: Adjust firmware parameters (the fundamental solution)

The mainboard of your laser engraver (such as GRBL, Smoothieware, or Marlin) stores configuration parameters internally. You can modify the motor direction directly by sending specific G-code commands.
Required tool: any software that can send G-code to the engraver, such as LaserGRBL or LightBurn. Normally, this is done through the “Console” or “Terminal” window in your laser software.
Connect your engraver to the computer and open LightBurn.
Go to Edit → Machine Settings → Output Settings → Select the X Direction pin invert ($3) (or Y Direction pin invert ($3)) to adjust motor direction. → Write → OK. 

The default parameter value is “false” (normal direction). If set to “true,” the axis direction is inverted.
To modify direction parameters:
If you need to reverse the X-axis, set the X Direction pin invert ($3) to “true,” then write the change.
If you need to reverse the Y-axis, set the Y Direction pin invert ($3) to “true,” then write the change.

Important: Since your motor is currently reversed, you need to apply the opposite of its current setting.
The simplest method: regardless of the current value, toggle it to the opposite until the motor moves in the correct direction. For example, if the X-axis is reversed, select “true.” Switching back and forth will always yield the correct direction.
Test: use the jog control to confirm the correct direction. If correct, the problem is resolved.

Step 3: Physical adjustment

If the above software methods don’t work, you can reverse the motor direction by changing the wiring order—a hardware-level solution.
Power off: Make sure the laser engraver is completely powered off.
Locate the motor wire: find the wire connected to the motor that rotates in the wrong direction.
Adjust the wiring sequence: swap any one pair of the motor’s four wires (e.g., swap A+ and A− or B+ and B−). This will reverse the rotation direction physically. Then power on and test again.