Lasergravierer-Blog

The Longer Laser Engravers are equipped with a powerful ESP32-based mainboard, which can offer high computing speeds and advanced features such as WiFi, Touchscreen Display, microSD slot and so on. In particular, Longer Ray5 has an MKS LTS mainboard, which offers excellent engraving speeds with precise adjustment of the laser module's power.

One of the main risks for the mainboard of Longer Laser Engravers is to manually move the motor axes. This action, in fact, generates a current that goes from the motors to the mainboard, damaging the stepper drivers irreparably. When this happens, the mainboard can no longer move the axle motors, and must be replaced. However, as mentioned before, the mainboard is based on ESP32, and therefore even if it is no longer suitable for use with Longer Ray5, it can still be useful for other projects.

The fact that the heart of the system is an ESP32 completely changes the perspective in the event of a driver failure. In a traditional mainboard, damage to the stepper drivers would mean total death of the component. With ESP32, on the other hand, we are faced with an open and versatile architecture that keeps its computational value intact. So even though the power section of the MKS LTS is compromised and can no longer handle PWM signals for the Longer Ray5 motors, the onboard microcontroller remains an amazing asset.

As with Arduino, ESP32 can also be programmed according to what you need most; it is possible, for example, to create an RF receiving station, a home automation control system, an anti-theft system, and so on. The only thing you need is writing proper C++ code.

Unlike a ready-to-use ESP32 board, on MKS LTS the pins are not directly indicated and ready to use, but must be identified among the various pins of the mainboard, as they are connected to the different functions in the design phase. For individuals, just use a function like:

int pins[] = {2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 33};

int numPins = sizeof(pins) / sizeof(int);

 

void setup() {

  Serial.begin(115200);

  delay(1000);

  Serial.println("--- ACTIVE INVESTIGATOR MODE ---");

  Serial.println("Connect a wire to GND and tap the pins one at a time.");

 

  for (int i = 0; i < numPins; i++) {

    // We use INPUT_PULLUP for pins that support it

    // Note: 34, 35, 36, 39 don't have internal pullups, we will test them too

    if (pins[i] < 34) {

      pinMode(pins[i], INPUT_PULLUP);

    }

  }

}

 

void loop() {

  for (int i = 0; i < numPins; i++) {

    // If the pin reads LOW, you are touching it with GND

    if (digitalRead(pins[i]) == LOW) {

      Serial.print("FOUND! The pin you're tapping is the GPIO: ");

      Serial.println(pins[i]);

      

      // Wait for the wire to disconnect so as not to clog the serial

      while(digitalRead(pins[i]) == LOW) { delay(10); }

      Serial.println("---------------------------------------");

    }

  }

}

At this point, simply connect the respective pins to GND via a 10k pull-down resistor for safety, and the pin-detected will appear on consoles.

However, at the end of the detection procedure (which will take several hours) the available result pins are only these shown in the figure:

That is, the pins are available:

GPIO Main Function Usage notes

2 I/O Connected to Probe.

4 ADC2_CH0 / Touch General Purpose. Great for CSN - SPI communication.

18 VSPI SCK Great for SPI communication.

19 VSPI MISO Great for SPI communication.

23 VSPI MOSI Great for SPI communication.

33 ADC1_CH5 / Touch 8 General Purpose. Great for GDO0.

34 ADC1_CH6 Hardware pull-ups. Input only. 3.3V always present.

35 ADC1_CH7 Hardware pull-ups. Input only. 3.3V always present.

36 ADC1_CH0 Hardware pull-ups. Input only. 3.3V always present.

13 ADC2_CH4 HSPI communication connected to microSD.

14 ADC2_CH6 HSPI communication connected to microSD.

15 ADC2_CH3 / Strapping HSPI communication connected to microSD.

39 Solo Input Great for ADC1 but connected to microSD.

The GPIOs available are some of the best in ESP32, as you can use the SPI protocol with them, which allows you to do many useful things, such as using a CC1101 RF chip.

With the well-known GPIO pins, even a damaged MKS LTS becomes a valuable resource, to be used in a thousand different ways and just as many fun projects.

The Longer Laser Engravers are equipped with a powerful ESP32-based mainboard, which can offer high computing speeds and advanced features such as WiFi, Touchscreen Display, microSD slot and so on. In particular, Longer Ray5 has an MKS LTS mainboard, which offers excellent engraving speeds with precise adjustment of the laser module's power.

One of the main risks for the mainboard of Longer Laser Engravers is to manually move the motor axes. This action, in fact, generates a current that goes from the motors to the mainboard, damaging the stepper drivers irreparably. When this happens, the mainboard can no longer move the axle motors and must be replaced. However, as mentioned before, the mainboard is based on ESP32, and therefore even if it is no longer suitable for use with Longer Ray5, it can still be useful for other projects.

As seen in the previous article, once you understand that the Longer Ray5 mainboard is to all intents and purposes a powerful ESP32-based development board, and after identifying the location of the various GPIOs, the next step is to make it operational. To do this, the reference software is Arduino IDE, the environment that allows you to write and run C++ code on ATMEGA and ESP32 boards.

The first step is to download the latest stable version of the Arduino IDE from the official website (arduino.cc). By default, the Arduino IDE is configured for classic Arduino boards, so in order to see the ESP32 of MKS LTS you need to add the definitions of the Espressif boards.

In the Boards Manager, search for "ESP32" and click Install for the Espressif Systems package.

Once this has been done successfully, unlike a commercial board, MKS LTS does not appear with its specific name in the list. However, since it is based on a standard module, the correct configuration to select is "ESP32 Dev Module, with the following configuration:

Board: ESP32 Dev Module

Flash Mode: DIO

Flash Frequency: 80MHz

Upload Speed: 921600

At this point, power MKS LTS with 12V DC, and connect the mainboard to the PC via the USB cable. Select the COM port for the CH340 serial chip, and then run a test sketch. Once you click on Upload, keep an eye on the console: if the upload reaches 100%, the MKS LTS is officially reborn as a development board.

Keep in mind that in order to use the console, it is always necessary to set a delay of 5 seconds in each sketch, as shown in the figure:

Having the environment configured correctly is the only real barrier between a corrupted board and a working project. With the Arduino IDE ready and the GPIO pins already mapped, the limit is no longer the hardware that no longer moves the motors but only the complexity of the code you decide to write on it.

Introduction

When connecting your device to the LaserBurn software via USB, connection failures may occasionally occur due to cable issues, driver conflicts, power management settings, or system compatibility problems.

This guide provides a structured, step-by-step troubleshooting process—starting from simple physical checks to advanced system diagnostics—to help you quickly identify the root cause and restore a stable USB connection.

Stage 1: Quick Check and Basic Troubleshooting

These steps are the simplest and most often overlooked, but they often resolve the issue.

1. Reseat the USB cable:

Unplug the USB cable, wait a few seconds, then reseat it, ensuring it is fully inserted.

Purpose: Eliminate a momentary poor contact or software handshake failure.

2. Try a different USB port:

Unplug the USB cable from the current computer port and try another one (for example, from the front panel to the back panel).

Purpose: Eliminate a single USB port failure or insufficient power.

3. Restart the device and computer:

Shut down and restart both the device and computer.

Purpose: Clears temporary system caches and driver errors, a universal solution for various esoteric issues.

4. Check the physical connection:

Check the USB cable for visible damage or bends.

Check the device's USB port for loose connections, foreign objects, or damage.

Purpose: Eliminate the most basic physical layer issues.

5. Check if the USB port is occupied.

Stage 2: Software and Driver Troubleshooting

If basic troubleshooting doesn't work, the problem may lie with the software or driver.

1. Check the Device Manager:

On Windows, right-click "This PC" -> "Manage" -> "Device Manager."

Check for devices with a yellow exclamation mark (!) or question mark (?), especially under "Universal Serial Bus controllers" and "Other devices."

Action: If you see an unknown device or your device with an exclamation mark, right-click it and select "Update driver" -> "Search automatically for driver." If that doesn't work, try "Uninstall device" and then restart your computer to allow the system to automatically re-identify and install the driver.

2. Disable the USB selective suspend setting:

This is a power-saving feature that can sometimes cause unstable connections.

Path: Control Panel -> Hardware and Sound -> Power Options -> Change plan settings -> Change advanced power settings -> Find "USB settings" -> "USB selective suspend setting" -> Set it to "Disabled."

3. Check power management:

In Device Manager, expand Universal Serial Bus controllers, right-click each USB root hub, select Properties -> Power Management, and uncheck "Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power." Repeat this step for all USB root hubs.

Stage 3: In-depth hardware and system troubleshooting

If all of the above steps fail, you may need to consider more complex issues.

1. Replace the USB cable:

This is a very common problem! Many USB cables only charge, not transfer data. Be sure to use the original cable that came with your device or a high-quality USB cable that's proven to transfer data properly.

2. Test on another computer:

Connect your device to another working computer.

Result Interpretation:

If it works on the other computer: The problem lies with your original computer (driver, system, hardware port).

If it doesn't work on the other computer: The problem is most likely with your device or the USB cable.

3. Check the system log (Windows):

Right-click "This PC" -> "Manage" -> "Event Viewer" -> "Windows Logs" -> "System."

Check for error or warning logs around the time you plugged in the USB device; these logs will provide more specific error codes.

4. Update the motherboard chipset and USB controller drivers:

Go to the official website of your computer brand or motherboard manufacturer to download and install the latest chipset drivers. This can fundamentally resolve USB compatibility issues.

Introduction

Before using the visual functions of the RAY5 series, a visual alignment (visual calibration) procedure must be completed. This process ensures accurate positioning and engraving precision by properly aligning the machine’s camera system with the working area.

During calibration, you will engrave four marker patterns (①②③④) onto the target material, capture an image using the built-in camera, and mark the center of each target point in the correct sequence within the software. Accurate completion of each step is essential to avoid positioning errors and ensure stable visual engraving performance.

Before starting, please ensure that no other programs are accessing the RAY5 camera.

1. Precautions Before Operation

Please read carefully before beginning:

• Place the engraving paper within the engraving work area. A scale value of 95 is recommended.
• Ensure no other cameras are connected, and the machine’s camera is not being used by another program.
• During visual calibration, do not move the machine or the engraving paper. Complete all steps in one continuous process.
• Each marker pattern supports single calibration only. For recalibration, engrave a new marker pattern.
• Reset the machine before starting visual calibration to prevent collisions during engraving.
• Ensure the camera lens is perpendicular to the engraving surface (use a spirit level to confirm).
• Adjust the camera to a working distance of 550 mm from the engraving surface so the entire machine is within the field of view.
• The engraving surface must be parallel and level to avoid calibration errors.
• Place the support bracket in the center of the machine’s front beam.

2. Engraving the Marking Pattern

You will use the laser to engrave the target pattern onto the material and mark the center of each target.

Step 1: Enter Visual Correction Page

After connecting the RAY5, click on the camera icon that appears in the menu bar to enter the visual correction function page.

Before accessing the visual correction features page, please zoom out and move the canvas to the side so that the entire canvas is visible when the visual features page opens.

Step 2: Adjust Engraving Parameters

Enter appropriate speed and power settings to achieve moderate engraving without burning through. Increase or decrease the scaling value until the canvas can accommodate the marked pattern.

Step 3: Border Preview

Click the border preview button to display the marked pattern on the canvas, ensuring it does not exceed the canvas size.

⚠️ Important:
After modifying speed, power, or scaling parameters, you must click “Border Preview” again to synchronize and update the marking pattern on the canvas.

Step 4: Begin Engraving

Begin carving. If it's not clear enough, you can adjust the settings and run it again. Once the pattern is clearly visible and easy to see, click Next.

3. Capture the Target Image

During this process, you will capture aligned images. You may need to wait a few seconds on this screen for the camera to successfully capture the images.

When the machine's camera is detected, click the capture button. You should see the camera view displayed in the lower left of the window, with all four target points visible, and the captured image on the right, as shown below. Click Next when all four target points are clearly visible in the captured image.

4. Marking the Target Points

In this step, you need to mark each target by double-clicking the center of each target in sequence.
Move the image by holding down the spacebar and using the mouse, and zoom in or out using the scroll wheel to ensure accurate clicking on the center position. A red marker will appear each time you double-click. If you mark incorrectly, click "Undo Mark" to remove it and try again. The double-clicking sequence must follow the order (1, 2, 3, 4) shown on the marking pattern. Once all four target points are marked, click "Complete" to finish the entire process.

✅ Calibration Complete

After completing all steps, the RAY5 visual correction system will be properly aligned and ready for accurate visual engraving.

Introduction

To improve editing efficiency and operational safety, the software provides two core features: Combine/split and layer lock/unlock.

The Combine/Split function allows multiple independent objects to be temporarily grouped into a single entity for unified operations or separated back into their original objects when needed. This is primarily used for batch transformations such as moving, scaling, and alignment.

The Layer Lock/Unlock function prevents accidental selection, modification, or deletion of objects on a specific layer while keeping the layer visible. It is typically used to protect completed backgrounds or reference content.

Both features use clear icons, explicit command names, and state-based dynamic interactions to ensure predictable behavior and reduce user error, especially in complex editing scenarios.

Function 1: Combine/Split

The purpose of this function is to temporarily bind multiple independent objects into a whole for operation or to disassemble the whole back into independent objects.

1. Icon and Text Design

• Combined icons: Icons that use two or more geometric shapes connected together.

• Split icons: Icons that use a graphic made up of multiple parts, with a clear visual cue of separation.

2. Directly use "Group" and "Split."

• Group: Combines selected objects into a single unit, making them easier to move and transform simultaneously.

• Split: Splits a grouped object into its original, independent objects.

3. Dynamic and Interactive Feedback

• Top-left menu: Right-click on a selected object to dynamically display menu items based on the selected object's status.

  • When multiple independent objects are selected, the menu displays "Combine."

  • When a grouped object is selected, the menu displays "Split."

• Changes after executing the command:

  • After executing "Combine," the control points of the selected objects disappear and are replaced by a unified control box.

  • After executing "Split," the unified control box disappears, and each sub-object's control points reappear.

• New User Guide: When the software is first launched or when entering the drawing module, a brief reminder card indicates that multiple objects can be "combined" for easier unified management.

Function 2: Layer Lock/Unlock

This feature prevents any accidental editing (selection, moving, deletion) of all objects on a specific layer while still maintaining their visibility and is commonly used to protect completed backgrounds or reference drawings.

1. Icon and Text Design

• Lock icon: Uses the classic closed lock icon. This is the universal lock/unlock symbol.

• Unlock icon: Uses the open lock icon.

2. Button/Menu Text

• Lock Layer: Locks the layer, preventing its contents from being selected or modified.

• Unlock Layer: Unlocks the layer, allowing its contents to be edited.

3. Dynamic and Interactive Feedback

• On-canvas behavior limitations: When a user attempts to click, select, or drag an object on a locked layer, no action is taken.

4) Back to LaserBurn, click Connect network at the bottom of the page, connect the phone to the same WIFI as the STA mode in the previous step, and wait for network configuration. When the connection is successful and the network process reaches 100%, click FINISH at the bottom to return to the device list interface.

Note: After the device is connected, when you click anywhere on the device list label, the machine will disconnect; conversely, if you click when the device is disconnected, the phone will automatically connect to the device

Using LightBurn layers is one of the easiest ways to perform engraving and cutting on wood in a single workflow. By assigning different settings to separate layers, you can engrave details first and then cut the final shape automatically without manually restarting the job. This method improves efficiency, keeps alignment accurate, and simplifies laser project management for beginners and experienced users alike.

Table of Contents

• What This Guide Covers
• Why This Process Matters
• Before You Start
• Requirements
• Precautions
• Step-by-Step Tutorial
• Common Problems and Solutions
• Tips for Better Results
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Final Thoughts

What This Guide Covers

This guide explains how to simultaneously engrave and cut on wood using LightBurn layers. You will learn how to:

• Separate engraving and cutting operations into different layers
• Assign different laser parameters to each layer
• Process both operations sequentially in one job
• Improve workflow efficiency and project accuracy

Quick Answer

To engrave and cut wood at the same time in LightBurn:

1. Create separate layers for engraving and cutting
2. Assign different colors to each layer
3. Use low power and fast speed for engraving
4. Use high power and slow speed for cutting
5. Run the job so LightBurn processes each layer sequentially

This allows both operations to complete automatically in a single workflow.

Why This Process Matters

Using LightBurn layers for engraving and cutting provides several important benefits:

• Keeps engraving and cutting settings organized
• Reduces manual setup time
• Maintains alignment accuracy between operations
• Allows complex projects to run automatically
• Improves workflow efficiency for wood projects

For wood signs, ornaments, keychains, decorative panels, and custom crafts, layer management is one of the most useful LightBurn features available.

Instead of running separate jobs for engraving and cutting, the laser machine completes both operations in the correct sequence during one session.

Before You Start

Before beginning, make sure your laser engraver is properly connected to LightBurn and fully calibrated.

Also ensure:

• The wood material is flat and securely placed
• The laser focus is correctly adjusted
• Proper ventilation is available
• The work area is free from flammable materials

Follow official machine specifications or instructions.

Requirements

You will need:

• A compatible laser engraver
• LightBurn software
• Wood material suitable for laser engraving and cutting
• A design containing engraving and cutting elements

The workflow applies to various LONGER laser engraver models including:

• Ray5 Series
• Nano Series
• B1 Series

Precautions

Before running the laser job, keep these safety precautions in mind:

• Never leave the laser machine unattended during operation
• Ensure proper airflow and smoke extraction
• Double-check power and speed settings before starting
• Verify that engraving layers run before cutting layers
• Test settings on scrap wood first when using unfamiliar materials

Incorrect layer order may cause the cut piece to shift before engraving is complete.

Step-by-Step Tutorial

Step 1: Separate Engraving and Cutting with Layers

Action

In LightBurn, create different layers for engraving and cutting. Each layer is represented by a different color, which helps organize the workflow.

For example:

• Use one color for engraving
• Use another color for cutting

Expected Result

Your design elements are separated into distinct layers that can each use independent processing settings.

Important Notes

Different colors in LightBurn represent different layers only for organization purposes. The color itself does not affect engraving performance.

A common example is:

• Blue layer for engraving
• Red layer for cutting

This makes it easier to visually identify each operation before starting the laser job.

Step 2: Assign Different Parameters for Each Layer

Action

Once the design is separated into layers, assign different laser parameters to each one.

For the engraving layer:

• Use low power
• Use fast speed

For the cutting layer:

• Use high power
• Use slow speed

Expected Result

The engraving layer produces surface details while the cutting layer cuts through the wood material.

Important Notes

Engraving and cutting require very different laser behavior:

Using separate layers prevents the need to manually adjust settings during the job.

If you are unsure about ideal settings for your material thickness or machine power, follow official machine specifications or instructions.

Step 3: Process Each Layer Sequentially

Action

Assign different colors to each layer so LightBurn can process them with their designated settings.

For example:

• Blue for engraving
• Red for cutting

Start the laser job after confirming the layer setup.

Expected Result

LightBurn automatically processes each layer sequentially using the assigned parameters.

The engraving operation completes first, followed by the cutting operation.

Important Notes

Layer order is important. In most workflows:

1. Engraving should happen first
2. Cutting should happen last

This helps prevent material movement after the part is cut free from the wood sheet.

You can use the Preview function in LightBurn to confirm the operation sequence before starting the machine.

Understanding How LightBurn Layers Work

LightBurn layers function like separate instruction groups within the same project.

Each layer can contain its own:

• Speed
• Power
• Pass count
• Tool mode
• Processing order

This makes it possible to combine multiple operations into one file without reconfiguring the machine between steps.

Typical examples include:

• Image engraving
• Text engraving
• Vector outlines
• Contour cutting

Advanced projects may contain several engraving layers plus one final cutting layer.

Recommended Workflow Order

For most wood projects, the recommended processing order is:

1. Internal engraving
2. Fine detail engraving
3. Border engraving
4. Final contour cutting

This workflow improves stability and helps maintain alignment accuracy.

Common Problems and Solutions

Tips for Better Results

Use Clear Layer Colors

Assign highly visible colors to different operations. This makes it easier to identify engraving and cutting paths quickly.

Preview Before Running

Always use the Preview function in LightBurn before starting the machine. This helps verify:

• Layer order
• Alignment
• Engraving paths
• Cutting paths

Test on Scrap Material

Wood species and thickness can affect laser performance significantly.

Before running a final project:

• Test engraving quality
• Verify cutting depth
• Check edge quality

Keep Cutting Last

Final contour cutting should normally occur after all engraving operations are complete.

This reduces the chance of movement or alignment issues.

Organize Complex Projects

For advanced projects, consider naming layers clearly, such as:

• Photo Engraving
• Text Engraving
• Border Cut
• Final Cut

This improves workflow organization and troubleshooting.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can LightBurn engrave and cut in the same job?

Yes. LightBurn allows engraving and cutting in the same workflow using separate layers with different parameters.

Why should engraving happen before cutting?

If cutting happens first, the material may shift after the part separates from the wood sheet. Engraving first helps maintain alignment accuracy.

What colors should I use for layers?

Any colors can be used. Common practice is:

• Blue for engraving
• Red for cutting

The colors are for organization only.

Do layer colors affect laser power?

No. Layer colors only help visually organize the project inside LightBurn.

Can I use multiple engraving layers?

Yes. LightBurn supports multiple engraving and cutting layers with independent settings.

What speed and power settings should I use?

The tutorial recommends:

• Low power and fast speed for engraving
• High power and slow speed for cutting

Specific values depend on your machine and material. Follow official machine specifications or instructions.

Can this workflow be used on materials besides wood?

Yes, LightBurn layer management can also be used for other laser-compatible materials. However, settings will vary depending on the material type.

What if the Cuts/Layers panel is missing?

In LightBurn, go to:

Window > Cuts/Layers

This will restore the layer management panel.

Final Thoughts

Using LightBurn layers to simultaneously engrave and cut on wood is an efficient and beginner-friendly workflow that simplifies laser project management. By separating operations into different layers, assigning independent settings, and processing them sequentially, you can complete detailed engraving and precision cutting in a single job.

This approach improves workflow efficiency, maintains alignment accuracy, and helps create cleaner, more professional laser projects with less manual intervention.

For best results, always verify layer order, preview the project before running, and follow official machine specifications or instructions.

Preface

This document introduces the operational procedures and precautions for performing 3D wood carving and relief engraving using the Nano Duo laser engraving machine. It covers laser equipment safety guidelines, material selection and preparation, software setup, and reference engraving parameters, aiming to help users quickly master basic 3D wood carving techniques and achieve consistent, high-quality results.

Important Safety Warning:

Operating laser equipment poses serious safety risks (fire, burns, irreversible eye damage).

Before operation, you must:

1. Wear specialized laser safety glasses.

2. Ensure the work area is well-ventilated.

3. Never leave the equipment unattended while it is operating.

4. Strictly follow all safety regulations provided by the equipment manufacturer.

equipment:

Laser Equipment: 20W 450nm Blue Diode Laser

Compatible Machine Model: Nano Duo (features 20W 450nm and 2W 1064nm dual lasers)

Compatible Laser Control Software: (e.g., LaserBurn, LightBurn, LaserGRBL) LaserBurn is recommended.

Framing Function: Uses real-time preview to better ensure accurate laser positioning for engraving.

Focusing Method: Uses dual red light positioning for quick and easy visual alignment of two points.

Air Assist System: (Air pump strongly recommended. Function: Blows away smoke and dust, reduces charring.)

Materials preparation:

Wood:  Light-colored hardwoods with even grain are recommended (basswood, cherry, maple, walnut, sapele), avoiding woods with excessive resin or dark colors (low blue light absorption). The thickness must be greater than the expected maximum engraving depth.

Test material: Small pieces of the same type of wood (for parameter testing)

software:

Laser control software (LaserBurn recommended): Import grayscale images, set layer engraving parameters.

LaserBurn operation:

1. Import Grayscale Image: Import the grayscale image into LaserBurn.

2. Set Working Area: Define the engraving size and position to match the actual workpiece.

3. Speed: Starting test value (Sapele wood): 8000-12000 mm/min (requires extensive testing). Slower speeds result in deeper engraving, but also increase the risk of overheating. (Parameters used in the work: 10000 mm/min)

4. Power: Starting test value: 70% - 100%. The actual engraving power is much lower than this. Higher power results in deeper engraving, but also increases the risk of charring. (Parameters used in the work: 80%)

5. Line Interval: Affects detail and efficiency. Starting value: 0.025mm - 0.1mm. Smaller intervals result in finer detail but longer processing time. (Parameters used in the work: 0.05mm)

6. Scan Angle: Usually 45 degrees or alternating 0/90 degrees. (Parameters used in the work: 0 degrees)

7. Multi-layer Engraving: From high to low or from deep to shallow. Increasing the number of engraving layers helps reduce charring. (Layers used in the work: 1 layer; more layers can be added depending on the required depth)

8. Image Processing: Increase contrast to make the engraving area clearer. (Parameters used in the work: Contrast 100%)

9. Simulation Preview: Use the software's simulation function to preview the engraving path and effect.

10. Border Preview: Ensure the engraving area is within the material area.

Example image:

Workpiece preparation and positioning

1. Clean the wood surface, ensuring it is smooth and even.

2. Securely fix the wood to the workbench.

3. Use a dual red laser pointer to precisely align the engraving material, ensuring the optimal focal distance from the surface.

(The optimal distance is 220mm; holding a ruler against the laser head is recommended.)

Adjustment strategies:

Engraving too shallow/lacking depth: Increase power/decrease speed/increase the number of layers.

Edges charred/overburnt: Decrease power/increase speed/increase air assist.

Details blurry: Check if the focal length is accurate/reduce the line spacing.

Uneven surface/streaks: Adjust the fill angle/optimize the line spacing.

Finely adjust the speed, power, line spacing, and layer parameters in the software based on the test results.

Perform engraving:

1. Reconfirm that safety measures are in place (safety glasses, ventilation, fire extinguisher, no unattended operation).

2. Activate smoke extraction and dust removal system and air assist.

3. Send the job to the laser controller via the software.

4. Monitor continuously: Closely observe the engraving process, paying particular attention to any open flames or abnormal smoke, and be prepared to press the stop button at any time.

5. After the engraving is complete, wait for the laser head to stop moving completely before turning off the equipment.

Post-processing:

1. Carefully remove the workpiece (it may be hot or covered in dust).

2. Use a soft brush or damp cloth (with caution) to remove surface dust.

3. (Optional) Sand, oil, wax, or paint as needed (especially on charred edges) to enhance the finish and protect the surface.

Works on display:

Original image      

 Sapele wood    

Solid wood

Core Concept: What are LightBurn layers?

You can think of LightBurn layers as transparent acetate sheets. Each sheet contains different graphics (such as cutting lines, engravings, marking lines, etc.), and each sheet is assigned different processing parameters (power, speed, number of passes, etc.). Finally, stacking all the sheets together creates a complete artwork, and the laser processes each layer in the order you set.

1. Location and Interface of the Layer Panel

1.1 Finding the Layer Panel

On the right side of the software interface, find the "Cuts/Layers" panel. If it's not visible, click Window > Cuts/Layers from the top menu bar to make sure it's selected.

1.2 Understanding the Interface

1. Layer List: Displays the name, color, status, and parameter previews of all layers.

2. Eye Icon: Controls layer visibility. Click to hide/show a layer.

3. Lock Icon: Locks a layer. Once locked, no objects on that layer can be selected or edited.

4. Color Block: Represents the display color of all objects on that layer (for onscreen differentiation only, does not affect actual engraving).

5. Parameter Bar: Displays the default processing mode (e.g., cutting, scanning/engraving) and key parameters (power, speed) for that layer.

2. Basic Layer Management

2.1 Creating a New Layer

When you import a file, a layer will be added.

• It's recommended that you name the new layer, such as "Cut Layer," "Image Engraving," "Vector Engraving," or "Marker Layer." Giving your layer a descriptive name is a good practice!

2.2 Setting the Current Working Layer

• In the Layers panel, click the layer you want to draw on. This layer will highlight, indicating it's the active layer.

• From now on, all new shapes you create using the drawing tools will automatically be placed on this active layer.

2.3 Setting the Layer Color

• After selecting a layer, you can select a new display color for it in the lower-left corner. This helps you quickly distinguish different layers visually.

2.4 Hiding and Locking Layers

• Click the "eye" icon to hide a layer. Hidden layers won't be engraved, making them ideal for temporarily shutting down certain processes or keeping backups.

• Click the "lock" icon to lock a layer. This prevents accidental selection or modification, which is very useful for complex shapes.

2.5 Deleting a Layer

• Select a layer and press Delete on your keyboard to delete it.

• Note: Deleting a layer will also delete all objects on that layer.

3. Setting Processing Parameters for Different Layers

This is the essence of layer management—assigning independent laser parameters to each layer.

3.1 Selecting a Layer: In the Layers panel, simply click the layer for which you want to set parameters.

3.2 Setting Parameters: The toolbar at the top of the software or the "Cutting/Engraving" parameter panel on the right will display the parameters for the currently selected layer.

3.3 Tool: Select a processing method, such as Cutting, Scanning (Engraving), Filling, or Image.

3.4 Power/Speed/Times: Set the desired process for the layer. For example:

• Cutting layer: Tool = Cut, Power = 100%, Speed = 200 mm/min, Times = 1
• Vector Engraving layer: Tool = Scan (Engrave), Power = 50%, Speed = 6000 mm/min, Line Count = 0.06 mm
• Image Engraving layer: Tool = Image, Mode = Grayscale, Power = 60%, Speed = 6000 mm/min, Line Count = 0.06 mm

3.5 Parameter Inheritance: All objects created on this layer will use these default parameters. You can also select individual objects and adjust them, which will override the layer's default settings.

4. Controlling the Processing Order: Layer Order

The laser machine's default processing order is top to bottom.

4.1 Adjusting the layer order: In the Layers panel, simply drag layers to change their top-to-bottom order.

4.2 Best Practice Order (generally):

• First: Internal engraving/shallow engraving (such as image engraving or fine text engraving)
• Middle: External engraving/deep engraving (such as a vector engraving border)
• Last: Cutting (Ensure all engravings are complete before removing the part from the material to prevent shifting)

5. Practical Workflow Example: Creating an Engraved Keychain

Suppose you want to create a wooden keychain that includes engraving a photo and cutting the outer edges.

5.1 Planning:

• This requires two steps: photo engraving and contour cutting.

5.2 Creating Layers:

• Import the file and create a new layer, name it "Photo Engraving," and set the color to blue.

• Import it again and create a second layer, name it "Contour Cutting," and set the color to red.

5.3 Setting Parameters:

• Select the layer, set the tool to Engraving and Filling, and set the appropriate power and speed (e.g., 60% power, 6000 mm/min speed).

• Select the "Contour Cutting" layer, set the tool to Cutting, and set the cutting parameters (e.g., 100% power, 200 mm/min speed).

5.4 Assigning Objects:

• Make sure the "Photo Engraving" layer is the active layer.

• On the "Contour Cutting" layer, draw the outline of the keychain (e.g., a circle or a custom shape).

5.5 Adjusting the Order:

• In the Layers panel, make sure the "Photo Engraving" layer is above the "Contour Cutting" layer. This way, the laser will engrave the fill first, then cut.

5.6 Preview and Export:

• Use the Preview function (computer icon) to check the results and order. You should see the blue areas engraved first, followed by the red areas cut.

• Click Engrave Directly to Device, and LightBurn will automatically export all layer data to the laser in the correct order and parameters.

If your Nano Duo screen is stuck on the LONGER logo during startup, the issue is usually related to corrupted or incomplete firmware. Fortunately, the problem can typically be resolved by reflashing the firmware using the official recovery method.

This guide explains the complete process step by step in a beginner-friendly format while preserving the original flashing procedure and settings exactly as required.

Table of Contents

1. What This Guide Covers
2. Quick Answer
3. Why This Process Matters
4. Before You Start
   • Requirements
   • Precautions
5. Step-by-Step Tutorial
6. Common Problems and Solutions
7. Tips for Better Results
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. Final Thoughts

What This Guide Covers

This tutorial explains how to recover a Nano Duo machine when the display freezes on the LONGER startup logo.

You will learn:

• How to prepare the firmware flashing tool
• Which firmware file to use
• How to configure the correct flashing parameters
• How to erase and reflash the firmware safely
• What to do if the process does not complete successfully

The instructions below preserve the original operation sequence and parameter values exactly.

Quick Answer

If the Nano Duo screen stays stuck on the LONGER logo during startup, reflash the firmware using flash_download_tool_3.9.5.exe, select ESP32-S3, load firmware_grbl.bin, set the firmware address to 0x0, choose the correct COM port, set BAUD: 912600, then click ERASE followed by START. After the process displays FINISH, restart the machine.

Why This Process Matters

Firmware controls the startup and operation of the Nano Duo. If the firmware becomes damaged, incomplete, or corrupted, the machine may fail to boot normally and remain frozen on the LONGER logo screen.

Reflashing the firmware restores the machine’s core system files and allows the Nano Duo to start correctly again. Following the official flashing sequence carefully helps avoid additional startup issues or failed firmware recovery attempts.

Before You Start

Requirements

Before beginning, prepare the following items:

• Nano Duo machine
• Windows computer
• USB cable compatible with the machine
• flash_download_tool_3.9.5.exe
• firmware_grbl.bin firmware file

Follow official machine specifications or instructions if additional drivers or accessories are required.

Precautions

Before performing firmware recovery, keep these important safety notes in mind:

• Do not disconnect the USB cable during flashing.
• Do not power off the machine while firmware is being written.
• Make sure the correct COM port is selected.
• Double-check all parameters before clicking START.
• Close unnecessary software to reduce communication interruptions.
• Use a stable power source during the process.

Incorrect flashing parameters or interrupting the process may prevent the machine from booting properly.

Step-by-Step Tutorial

Step 1: Prepare Tools

Action

Use the flash_download_tool_3.9.5.exe tool.

Expected Result

The firmware flashing tool is available and ready to launch on your computer.

Important Notes

Ensure the tool is fully downloaded before opening it. Running incomplete or corrupted files may cause flashing errors.

Step 2: Preparing Firmware

Action

Prepare the firmware file:

firmware_grbl.bin

Expected Result

The firmware file is ready to be selected inside the flashing tool.

Important Notes

Do not rename the firmware file. Keep it in an easy-to-find folder on your computer.

Step 3: Open the Flash Tool

Action

Open the flash_download_tool_3.9.5.exe tool, select ESP32-S3, and click OK.

Expected Result

The tool enters the main flashing interface homepage.

Important Notes

Selecting the correct chip type is critical. Ensure ESP32-S3 is selected exactly as specified.

Step 4: Configure Firmware and Flash the Machine

Action

After entering the homepage:

1. Click the three dots in the middle.
2. Find the prepared firmware and open it.
3. Change the firmware to: 0x0
4. Select the COM port corresponding to the machine's port number.
5. Select BAUD: 912600
6. Click ERASE and wait for the status to complete.
7. Click START and wait for the status to display FINISH.
8. Power off and restart the machine.

Expected Result

The firmware flashing completes successfully, and the machine restarts normally instead of remaining stuck on the LONGER logo.

Important Notes

• Wait patiently during both the ERASE and START processes.
• Do not disconnect cables or close the software during flashing.
• The process may take several minutes depending on the computer and connection stability.
• If the status does not display FINISH, repeat the procedure carefully.

Conclusion

That’s the complete procedure for resolving the issue where the Nano Duo screen is stuck displaying the LONGER logo. The success of this process mainly depends on accurate parameter configuration and following the flashing steps in the correct order. As long as each setting is verified carefully and the sequence is strictly followed, the firmware recovery can be completed smoothly and safely.