1) Check if the limit cable is loose. If it is loose, tighten the cable.

2) Check whether the limit position is too far back. When homing, the laser cannot touch the limit and keeps hitting the edge. If so, adjust the limit position so that it is triggered just when returning to Home. Mini:

MiniS:

1) Manually moving the laser position during engraving causes limit triggering.

2) When you click Stop during engraving, this error will be reported, which is normal.

3) When engraving an image or vector filling at the current position, if the overscan function is turned on, the soft limit may be triggered, and the engraving may not be possible. You need to change the coordinates to absolute coordinates. If you do not change the coordinate system, then reduce the pattern and put it in the middle, or turn off the overscan function.

4) The machine continuously detects the signal of the limit switch, resulting in a zeroing abnormality. The solution is to confirm that the XY axis does not hit the limit switch after the XY axis completes zeroing.

Click File > Open File to add the design to be engraved, and adjust the offset of X and Y in the target image window to change the position of the graphics to make sure it is in the range of the working area.

1) Can't find CH340 driver

For Windows systems, it needs to right-click the computer and select Manage, click Device Manager, click to expand Ports (COM & LPT), find the port corresponding to the CH340 driver, and then select this port in LightBurn or LaserGRBL.

For MacOS, please go to About this Mac > Overview > System Report, select USB under Hardware (there will be USB Serial if the driver is installed automatically), and select the cu.wchusbserial14230 port in LightBurn or LaserGRBL.

If no ports are listed in the expanded Ports (COM & LPT), it means that no engravers were found, which could mean that it is not plugged in correctly, isn't powered, or the PC is missing a driver. It needs to download the CH340 driver from the link and double-click it to install:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Sc-TKuez-mz--38Vp6DeL-pGmQcQdHW4.

How to install CH340 driver of LightBurn for MacOS Sequoia system:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JX-XsjLFei0

How to install CH340 driver of LightBurn for MacOS system:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBd1uEA9QUw

2) CH340 driver port is occupied

Before connecting, please make sure that the CH340 port is not occupied by software such as serial communication tools, cura, etc.

3) The Baud rate setting error

The baud rate should be set to 115200. The wrong baud rate will cause the connection to the engraving machine to fail.  

4) The configuration file is not imported or damaged

For LightBurn, click "Devices" in the laser control module to import the engraver. Click ‘Import,’ select the RAY5 mini.lbdev file, and click OK to add the RAY5 mini configuration to LightBurn. The macro commands will be successfully added in the Console window, and RAY5 mini device will appear in the list of devices to the right of the 'Devices' button in the Laser window when the configuration file is imported successfully.

1) Check if the emergency stop switch is pressed. If it is pressed, turn it clockwise to open it.

2) Check if the power adapter is connected.

Mini:

MiniS:

## I. For Windows Systems

### 1. Common Causes & Solutions

**1) System Compatibility Issues**

* Windows 10/11 usually have built-in drivers, but auto-installation may fail.

* **Solution:** Manually download the latest driver from the official site (e.g., [wch.cn](http://www.wch.cn))—file name **CH341SER.EXE**.

**2) Old Driver Conflicts**

* Previously installed CH340/CH341 drivers may block installation.

* **Solution:**

  * Open **Device Manager → View → Show Hidden Devices → Ports (COM & LPT)**.

  * Right-click and **uninstall all CH340/CH341 devices, and check “Delete the driver software for this device.”

  * Reinstall the latest driver.

**3) Driver Signature Issues (Win7 / Some Win10)**

* The system blocks unsigned drivers.

* **Solution:**

  * Restart PC → Advanced Startup → Select **Disable Driver Signature Enforcement**.

  * Then run the installer.

**4) Insufficient Permissions**

* Administrator rights are required.

* **Solution:** Right-click → **Run as Administrator**.

**5) USB Cable/Port Problems**

* Charging-only cables cannot transfer data; the device won’t be recognized even if the driver installs.

* **Solution:** Use a data-capable USB cable, preferably directly into a USB 2.0 port.

---

### 2. Confirm Successful Installation

* Plug in the device → Open **Device Manager**.

* Under **Ports (COM & LPT)**:

  * If you see **USB-SERIAL CH340 (COM3)**, installation succeeded.

  * If there’s a yellow exclamation mark → driver failed or conflicts exist.

---

### 3. Alternative Solutions

* Try another computer to rule out system issues.

* Use an **FT232 / CP2102 USB-to-Serial adapter** as a hardware workaround (better compatibility).

---

## II. For macOS Systems

### 1. Check if a Driver is Needed

* macOS 10.13+ sometimes recognizes CH340 chips automatically.

* Plug in the device → open **Terminal**, enter:

```bash

ls /dev/tty.*

```

* If you see something like `/dev/tty.wchusbserial1410` → no driver installation needed.

### 2. If Not Recognized → Install Driver

**1) Download Driver**

* Official: [CH341SER_MAC_ZIP](https://www.wch.cn/downloads/CH341SER_MAC_ZIP.html)

* Recommended open-source version: [GitHub – wchusbserial for macOS](https://github.com/adrianmihalko/ch340g-ch34g-ch34x-mac-os-x-driver)

**2) Allow Kernel Extension**

* macOS may block installation (“System Extension Blocked”).

* **Solution:**

  * Open **System Preferences → Security & Privacy → General**

  * Click **Allow** for **WCH Electronics Co., Ltd.**

**3) Restart Computer**

* Must restart after installation to load the driver.

---

## III. Common Troubleshooting

1. **Driver installed but port not found**

* In Terminal, enter:

```bash

ls /dev/tty.*

```

* Re-plug the device to see if a new port appears.

2. **M1/M2 Mac (ARM)**

* Official drivers are often Intel-only; they may be incompatible.

* Use the open-source driver (GitHub – adrianmihalko version) for better compatibility.

3. **Permission Issues**

* Newer macOS versions (Big Sur / Monterey / Ventura) have stricter third-party driver policies.

* If there is no “Allow” option in Security & Privacy:

  * Reboot into **Recovery Mode**

  * Disable **System Integrity Protection (SIP)**, then install the driver.

---

## IV. Alternative Solutions

* Use an **FTDI USB-to-Serial adapter** (macOS native support, no driver needed).

* Or connect via **Wi-Fi** if your GRBL board supports it.

---

1. Weak Wi-Fi Signal
In LightBurn or LaserGRBL, enter $wifi/listAPs in the console to search for available Wi-Fi networks.
In the list of detected Wi-Fi networks, the number shown after SIGNAL represents signal strength, with 100 being the strongest.

If the signal is too weak, the connection may fail.
Possible causes and solutions:

The Wi-Fi antenna on the motherboard may be loose. In this case, remove the front beam cover of the RAY5 mini and reconnect the antenna securely.

The antenna may be damaged. If so, replace the antenna with a new one.

2. Wi-Fi Frequency Band Is 5 GHz Instead of 2.4 GHz
The Longer laser engraver can only detect 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi networks.
If your Wi-Fi is using the 5 GHz band, the machine will not be able to find or connect to it.

3. Incorrect Wi-Fi Name or Password
Check carefully to ensure that the Wi-Fi name (SSID) and password are entered correctly.

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